The culture of Afghanistan has persisted for over three millennia, dating back at least to the time of the Achaemenid Empire in 550 BCE. It is mainly a tribal society with different regions of the country having their own subculture. Almost all Afghans follow Islamic traditions, celebrate the same holidays, dress the same, eat the same food, listen to the same music, and are multilingual to some extent. Persian culture and architecture is still present. Some Zoroastrian festivals are still celebrated like the New Year "Navruz".

Afghanistan is a mountainous country with a complex and diverse geographic and climatic structure. Most of the regions, valleys, deserts and plains of Afghanistan have different climates. The existence of such conditions has led to the development of different types of wild animals. There are about 3000 plant species in Afghanistan, and about 128 species of carnivorous and non-carnivorous mammals, 500 species of birds, and several species of reptiles, amphibians, and fish.